Description
1,4-Butanediol is an industrial solvent and intermediate used in the production of
various plastics and polymers. When ingested, it is rapidly absorbed and
metabolised to form γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a neuromodulator that exerts potent
depressant effects on the central nervous system.
In 2007, concerns regarding the toxicity of 1,4-butanediol were raised with
NICNAS through public enquiries and the media after the hospitalisation of
children who ingested toy beads that were found to contain 1,4-butanediol. These
enquiries prompted NICNAS to investigate the use and safety of 1,4-butanediol in
Australia and the adequacy of current regulatory controls. In April 2008, as a result
of its investigations, NICNAS made recommendations to the National Drugs and
Poisons Schedule Committee (NDPSC) on the scheduling of 1,4-butanediol in the
Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons. The NICNAS
submission noted that given the pronounced neurotoxicity of GHB in animals and
humans, there was concern about potential risks of adverse effects from exposures
to 1,4-BD in domestic and cosmetic products. It also noted that a significant risk to
children arises from intentional ingestion of toy products containing 1,4-BD. The
NDPSC considered 1,4-butanediol scheduling in its 53
rd meeting in June 2008, and
resolved to include free form 1,4-butanediol in Appendix C for all domestic use
(NDPSC, 2008). Appendix C comprises substances of such danger to health as to
warrant prohibition of sale, supply and use.
